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The concept of a Malay race was originally proposed by the German scientist Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752–1840), and classified as the brown race.〔(University of Pennsylvania )〕 ''Malay'' is a loose term used in the late 19th century and early 20th century to describe the Austronesian peoples〔''Rand McNally’s World Atlas International Edition'' Chicago:1944 Rand McNally Map: "Races of Mankind" Pages 278–279—On the map, the group called the ''Malayan race'' is shown as occupying an area on the map (consisting mainly of the islands of what was then called the Dutch East Indies, the Philippines, Madagascar, and the Pacific Islands, as well as the continental Malay Peninsula) identical and coextensive with the extent of the land area inhabited by those people now called Austronesians.〕 / categorize Austronesian speakers into a race. Since Blumenbach, many anthropologists have rejected his theory of five races, citing the enormous complexity of classifying races. The concept of a "Malay race" differs with that of the ethnic Malays centered on Peninsular Malaysia and parts of the Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Borneo. ==Etymology== The earliest records of the word ''Melayu'' or ''Malayu'' came from a Chinese record that reported a kingdom named Malayu had sent the envoy to the Chinese court for the first time in 645 CE. It was recorded in the book ''Tang Huiyao'' collected by Wang Pu during the Song dynasty.〔Muljana, Slamet , (2006), ''Srivijaya'', Yogyakarta: LKIS, ISBN 979-8451-62-7.〕 Another Chinese source mentioned the kingdom of Malayu. Two books were written by a buddhist monk I-tsing or I Ching (義淨; pinyin Yì Jìng) (634–713),〔Junjiro Takakusu, 1896, ''A record of the Buddhist Religion as Practised in India and the Malay Archipelago AD 671–695, by I-tsing'', Oxford, London.〕 in his journey from China to India in 671 wherein he reported: It was suggested that the term "Melayu" originated from the Tamil word ''Malaya'' or ''Malaiur'' which means "hill" or "high ground".〔Harun Aminurrrashid, 1966. ''Kajian Sejarah Perkembangan Bahasa Melayu'', Singapura: Pustaka Melayu, hlm. 4–5〕 Another source dated from a later period mentioned the name ''Bhumi Malayu'', written in the Padang Roco Inscription dated 1286 CE in Dharmasraya, and later in 1347 CE, Adityawarman edited his own inscription inscribed in the Amoghapasa statue, declaring himself the ruler of ''Malayupura''.〔Muljana, Slamet , (2005), ''Runtuhnya Kerajaan Hindu-Jawa dan Timbulnya Negara-Negara Islam di Nusantara'', Yogyakarta: LKIS, ISBN 9789798451164.〕 The Majapahit record, ''Nagarakretagama'' dated 1365 CE, mentioned the lands of ''Melayu'' dominated by Majapahit"〔Brandes, J.L.A., (1902), ''Nāgarakrětāgama; Lofdicht van Prapanjtja op koning Radjasanagara, Hajam Wuruk, van Madjapahit, naar het eenige daarvan bekende handschrift, aangetroffen in de puri te Tjakranagara op Lombok''.〕 From these records the name ''Malayu'' seems to be identified with the area around the Batanghari river valley from estuarine to hinterland in present-day Jambi and parts of West Sumatra province. The people inhabiting the Eastern coast of Sumatra and parts of the Malay peninsula identified themselves as Malay with a common language called the Malay language. After the arrival of Europeans in the 16th century, the Europeans identified the native people living on both coasts of the Malacca strait as Malay people. This term extended to neighboring peoples with similar traits. Malays were once referred to as "''Kun-lun'' people" in various Chinese records. ''Kunlun'' originally referred to a fabled mountain range believed to span parts of Tibet and India. It was used by the Chinese in reference to black, wavy-haired barbarians of mountains and jungles from the remote part of the geographically known world. The Champas and Khmers were called ''Kunlun'' people by the Chinese before the term was applied to the Malays or more accurately Austronesians as a whole. In 750, Jianzhen (688–765) noticed the presence of many "Brahmans, Persians and Kunluns in Canton". The Old Book of Tang reported that "every year, Kunlun merchants came in their ships carrying valuable goods to trade with the Chinese". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Malay race」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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